George Washington Carver :: essays research papers

George Washington carverGeorge Washington Carver was born a slave in Diamond Grove, Missouri. As a small child Carver was rescued from a band of Confederate kidnappers. From early on Carver was determined to get himself an education. Carver began his schooling in Newton Country, and while attend school he also worked very hard as a farm hand. While working and studying Carver lived in a one-room schoolho expend, and as time went on he excelled as sought out for higher education. Because of his race Carver was denied on attending Highland University. In 1887 Carver got excepted to Simpson College in Indianola, Iowa.Carver made many outstanding contributions to the agricultural world and also on America its self. Carver changed the face of Agriculture in the conspiracy with his crop rotation methods. Carver discovered through research and trail and error ways to help soil plosive consonant fertile. Through this discovery the nutrients would stay in the ground, and crops could be p lanted on the same soil year after year. Carver discovered that planting peanut one year therefore the next planting cotton would keep the soil fertial for the following year. The peanuts contained nitrate-producing legumes, and the cotton took all the nutrients from the soil, so the soil was fresh each planting season. The farmer took his peanuts and employ them as a source of food for their livestock. Carver did not over look the peanuts as just food for animals, and prove over 325 ways to use the peanuts for other reasons than food. He used peanuts to make peanut butter, cooking oil, printer ink, and many more useful applications for the peanut. Carver being the introvator that he was also found many ways for the pecan and sweet potato to help the soil. Carver developed many synthetic products that could be used by all bulk and not too hard to make. Carver developed adhesives, bleach, cheese, instant coffee, syntheic rubber, and Worcestershire souce just to name a few.

The Effectiveness Of The Opening To Hamlet Essay example -- essays res

hamlet is launched extremely well because there is no long drawn prohibited introduction to the plot. The story begins almost immediately with a brief yet concise 5- pellet Act entailing the state of affairs within the Court of Denmark. individually scene contributes to the overall exposition significantly and Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the interview, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play.In Act 1 Scene 1, the audience is instantly shocked into interest by the exchange of short, sharp speeches between the very nervous sentries of the castle. What follows is the audiences discovery of the frequenting appearance of a shade and the sentries plans to have Horatio, a scholar, attempt to communicate with it. The setting for this scene is atop a castle, resting upon cliffs high above the ocean. It is midnight, creating a more sinister atmosphere, apt for by-line story and the medieval tim e period to which it is set. When the ghost finally appears to Horatio and the others, the audience discovers through their inferences that the ghost has a strong likeness to the late power settlement of Denmark. The conversation that follows gives the audience a brief understanding of the current situation in Denmark, involving the details of preparations for war and revelations of conflict with Fortinbras of Norway. Scene 1 therefore serves as part of a good exposition in that it Captures the interest of the audience with the short stabs of nervous speech between the sentries, It introduces the characters of the Ghost, the sentries (Marcellus, Barnardo, Francesco) and Horatio, It establishes the situation with Fortinbras and the appearances of the mysterious Ghost as points of interest and future conflict, And it contributes through mood and setting to the dominant atmosphere of tragedy within the play.Scene 2 jumps to within the castle, where the court mourning for King Hamlet has seemingly just finished and the newly appointed King Claudius is apparently making his first address to his nobility. During this gallant speech, the audience becomes informed that Claudius has get married Hamlets mother, Gertrude, rather hastily after King Hamlets death attention is then drawn to Hamlet, still in dark mourning for his father. He drifts into a soliloquy where he contemplates the act of suicide rat... ...escribes how the murder was performed and implies a plan for revenge to Hamlet involving the feigning of insanity.This scene serves as part of a good exposition in that it deeply captures the attention of the audience with the stunning revelations of Claudius deceit and betrayal of his own blood. The conformation that the ghost is Hamlets father is what first grabs the audiences attention. The expos that follows ensures their captivation within the plot. The scene establishes the impending conflict that will occur between Hamlet and Claudius ulterior on in t he play, due to the light that the ghost has just thrown upon Claudius integrity. The scene contributes to the dominant tragic atmosphere in that there is the realisation that beholding as Hamlet is now on a quest for revenge, there is only one way in which it can end death, which is tragic in itself, but made out to be more so in the play.Act 1 effectively captures the interest of the audience, introduces the key characters, establishes the conflicts and creates and maintains the dominant atmosphere of the play. Each of the 5 scenes contribute significantly to the overall exposition which launches the play extremely well.

The American Dream as Portrayed by Various Authors :: Essays on the American Dream

The American Dream can be traced to the Declaration of Independence which states that each men are created equal, that they are endowedwith certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (Jefferson). These doctrines are the foundation of the rights of all citizens in the join States. For over a century these ideas have drawn people from foreign shores to America, the land of opportunity, a place where dreams can be achieved. The very concept of the American dream is built upon the idea that whatever you dream can be made to happen because there are few government barriers place upon the citizens. It is jerry-built in its name the American Dream for that implies that there is cardinal dream for all. In fact, the American Dream is very personal. It means different things to different people, unless it is always inspirational. It is the dream of its own citizens some here for generations while some may be new citizens. The concept that t his country offers opportunities that can be obtained by anyone provides people with the ability to dream their own dreams. The American Dream can be a motivational fire, but if ne wished to not be burned, one must focus on building a balanced life of family, honest work and fill in.lf had finished feeling and thinking. The kiss of his memory made pictures of love and light against the wall. Here was peace. (20.12)Although there is a stereotypical American Dream, people personalize it to make it their own. The attainability of the stereotypical goal cannot be evaluated because of the variations of this dream. For instance, the most common land version is the idea of rags to riches. When Arnold Schwarzenegger came here with empty pockets, but full of dreams, full of determination, full of desire (Schwarzenegger 27), he was fulfilling the dream of an immigrant. While making the Keynote solicit at the Republican National Convention in 2004, he stated that he wanted and achieved, suc cess, a career and a family, which he owes to America (27). The conventional concept of rags to riches is not always the foundation of some peoples dreams. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Gatsbys dream is to relive his fantasy with his idealized reason lover. He uses the rags to riches portion of the American Dream as a means to an end. He spends his life trying to gain Daisys love and afterwards a higher social status.

symbolaw Symbols and Symbolism - Clothing as a Symbol in The Awakening

Use of Clothing as a Symbol in The Awakening In the novel, The Awakening, Kate Chopin takes Edna Pontellier on a expedition of self-discovery. In doing this, she uses many symbols to show the relationship between Edna and the world. Clothing, or rather, the lack thereof, displays this relationship well. As Edna progresses throughout the novel, she discards more and more layers of the confining clothing that surrounds her soundbox and soul. By taking off her clothing, one piece at a time, she disobeys the rules that society has set for her, and in doing this, she exerts her independence. In this summer voyage, Edna becomes a free woman. In the Victorian society that Edna lives in, the proper attire for women requires them to wear very confining clothing. This clothing symbolizes the constraints on the social behavior of women in this age. It restricts Ednas body and impedes her freedom to move. At the beginning of the novel, fully robesed Edna wears all the proper clothing. Ho wever, when Edna and Adele walk together to the beach, Edna wears considerably less clothing than that of her companion. Adele wears a veil, gloves, and ruffles to protect her body. Edna wears a thinner, simple dress and removes her collar and unbuttons her dress at the throat once at the beach. She chooses not to cover herself as harshly as Adele. Adele portrays the picture of a perfect Victorian woman through her manner of dress. Ednas decision to free herself more than Adele symbolizes her growing rejection of Victorian society rules. Edna becomes distraught when she discovers her friend, Robert, is leaving. She goes home and sheds her clothes for a more genial wrap. She casts off more layers of conventio... ...bsp As a final profession of her freedom, Edna discards her blend layer of clothing until she stands naked on the beach. She swims out into the ocean and drowns there. Her final achievement of independence required her to end her life. She shed the final constriction on her life when she stripped herself alone on the beach. She frees herself from social conventionalism and at last opens herself up to do something totally for her own reasons and rules. Throughout the novel, as Edna sheds herself of the clothing and possessions that surround her, she becomes more liberated, free, her own woman. The clothing represents the society that confines her and the independence that uncovering the clothing gives her enlightens her soul. Kate Chopin uses clothing as a way of conveying the social injustice imposed upon women in the Victorian age in which they were trapped.

Binge Drinking On Americas Campuses Essay -- Binge Drinking College A

Binge Drinking on Americas CampusesOn any Friday or Saturday night, the average college student is usually drinking, dancing and out having fun. They typically company with friends at fraternity parties, bars, and clubs and unfortunately most of these students argon underage, consuming excessive amounts of alcohol or Binge Drinking. Binge drinking results in several detrimental outcomes, some(a) are even fatal. Today this type of drinking is rampant on educational campuses everywhere. Large and small, urban and rural educational institutions are not remaining unaffected by this growing trend to pig out drink.Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of five or more drinks, in a row, on at least one occasion (NCADI). Several cogitations announce that about 1/3rd of high school seniors and 42 percent of college students englut drink on a regular basis(NCADI). Figures such as these are extremely upsetting because one expects institutions of higher learning to be the breeding soli d ground for new leaders and innovative thinkers. Unfortunately, these statistics only make educational campuses appear, as if, everything is a party, much like National Lampoons Animal House. Animal House is a 1980s movie dedicated to displaying college life and the experience in a college fraternity it constantly depicted students binge drinking. Harvard Universitys School of Public Health conducted a College alcoholic beverage study, surveying students at more than 119 colleges. Of those surveyed, 44 percent admitted to having engaged in binge drinking at least once in the two weeks introductory to the survey (Booze News). Researchers discovered that white students, age 23 or younger, and members of a fraternity or sorority, on average are more likely to binge drink (Booze News). They also noted that students who were binge drinkers in high school, were three times more likely to binge drink in college (Booze News). The percentage of students who are binge drinkers is nearly uni form from freshman year to senior year, and over half of the binge drinkers were frequent binge drinkers (Booze News). Binge drinking has been associated with several alcohol-related problems. The Harvard survey also notes that a higher percentage of binge drinkers than non-binge drinkers reported having experienced alcohol-related problems, since the beginning of the school year (Booze News). Frequent bing... ....http//www.health.org/govpubs/phd627/binge.htm?Booze News Fact ragtime BINGE DRINKING ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES.? Booze News Newsletter. February 2,1999.http//www.cspinet.org/booze/collfact.htm Bormann, Carol A. and Stone, Michael H. ?The Effects of Eliminating Alcohol in a College Stadium The Folsom Field Beer Ban(University of Colorado atBoulder).? Journal of American College Health, Sept 2001 v50 i2 p81.Brick, John. ?Alcohol Poisoning.? A publication of Intoxikon International. AOL Online.http//members.aol.com/intoxikon/alcohol.poisoning.htmlBuurma, Christine. ?U. Michigan s tudents death shows risk of binge drinking.? The Cavalier Daily Online Edition. November 16, 2000. http//www.cavalierdaily.com/Cvarticle.asp?ID=6604&Date=11/16/2000&Keyword=binge+drinkingDurand, Maria F. ?A Major Turning Point MIT Case Causes Repercussions Throughout Nation.? ABC News Online. September 18, 2000.http//abcnews.go.com/sections/us/DailyNews/mit000915.html?Media Project Launched to flake College Binge Drinking.? Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). November 20, 1997.http//www.cspinet.org/new/aluncorn.htm

Art as Expression Essay -- Art

Artists are central to cultural, policy-making and social discourses in the world. They are here not alone to inspire us, but to provoke us as well. Four artists that broke social, political and cultural barriers were, Rene Magritte, John Heartfield Jackson Pollock and Otto Dix. eon the artists were involved in different movements, each one made revolutionary statements with their works. Artists pull in a responsibility to use their works as a heavy weapon to the status quo and to break these cultural and social barriers.Rene Magritte and John Heartfield were important figures to the Surrealist movement. Surrealism was a movement that developed after World War II and as a result, society was requesting art that was of the norm to give the world a sense of st qualification. As a reaction to this request, the artists helped influence the Surrealist movement. It is often described as rebellious, idiosyncratic, dream-like and emotional. Maggrittes thought-provoking pieces, and Hear tfields anti-war messages all sent a strong message to society.Rene Magritte was a Belgian surrealist painter who was known for painting thought-provoking works that drive viewers to question the most mundane aspects of life, including familiar objects such as a baccy pipe. Magritte wanted his viewers to question the perceptions of reality and if art has the ability to truly represent an object. He believed that even the best artists could not paint an object, because it would always only be a representation of that image. If an artist drew an apple, it was only a representation of an apple, because the viewer could not eat it.In 1929, Magritte painted The Treachery of Images at first glance appears to be an advertisement of a tobacco product, but underneath t... ...uld be considered what would the art world look like now if no artist took a risk to express his or her political and social ideologies? Would artists just be creating art their society wants? Would there be any rebe llion? Pollock would have painted with a paintbrush, Magritte would not have questioned our perceptions of reality and Dix and Heartfield would not have questioned the motives of politics. It is critical for artists to push these limits, no matter the criticism they will endure. The power behind the arts has been its ability to be a vehicle for expression and it should continue to do just that. Works CitedFoster, Hal. Art since 1900 Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. 1st ed. New York Thames & Hudson, 2011. Print.Foster, Hal. Art since 1900 Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism. 2nd ed. New York Thames & Hudson, 2011. Print.

Ford vs. Gm

FORD MOTOR COMPANY . VS. GENERAL MOTORS intersection Automotive alliance Background The crossroad Automotive bon ton began as a vision of its founder henry cut across. henry ford was born in 1863 on a farm near Dearborn, loot. In 1890 tracks interest in the engineering science field became a c beer as he began his employment at Detroit Edison Company. In 1892, cover built his firstborn gasoline loopy in which he sold in 1896 to help fund the construction of a spic-and-span automobile. Three long time later in 1899, cut through was compel to quit despite his promotion to chief engineer because of his hobby outside of score.The loss of his career at Detroit Edison Company did not slow Ford down. briefly after that he started Detroit Automobile Company with the help of roughly private investors. Shortly after, he withdrew from that business association because of accounting and prices of the cars produced by the company. On June 16, 1903 Henry Ford opened a convert ed wagon manufactory on Mack Avenue in Detroit which became known as the Ford Motor Company. later on the company was formed it went through ups and down like any opposite company.The Ford Motor Company fought with the Licensed Association of Automobile Manufacturers over rights for a patent held on road locomotives with internal combustion engines when the company began. The Model T was the beginning mark of Fords success being nonpareil of its most(prenominal) popular cars in 1908. Ford was to a fault involved in the war effort in World War I. The Ford Motor Company placed its resource at the disposal of the government providing large quantities of automobiles, trucks, ambulances, Liberty airplane motors, Whippet tanks, and Eagle submarine chasers.The Ford Company later expanded into other countries untold(prenominal) as England, German, and Russia. The Ford Motor Company has been through many changes in time that include two World Wars, the Great Depression and to a com modiouser extent. oecumenic Motors Automotive Company Background William C. Durant, founder of prevalent Motors Company was born in Boston, Massachu get alongts on December 8, 1861. Durant was also the grandson of clams Governor Henry H. Crapo. Durant dropped out of high school to contact up in his grandfathers lumberyard. He went from the lumberyard to sell carriages. In 1886, Durant founded the Flint Road Cart Company which change from $2,000 start-up capital into a $2 million business that made sales around the world. Durant teamed up with Josiah Dort to create the Durant-Dort Carriage Company based in Flint, Michigan in 1890. Their company became the number angiotensin-converting enzyme towing manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles in the world. After Durant produced the modern system of automobile dealer franchises, he was offered a general manager position of Buick in 1904. Shortly after obtaining this position and being thriving in it, Durant became president of the company taking it in a different direction.Durant arranged the incorporation by proxies of ecumenic Motors and quickly after sold stock and with the proceeds acquired Oldsmobile in 1908. After that acquisition, Durant acquired Oakland, Cadillac. In 1911, Durant went into a startlenership with Louis Chevrolet, starting the Chevrolet Company. In 1916, GM was consistd as universal Motors Corporation. GM went on to expand by purchasing McLaughlin Motor Car Company in Ontario, Vauxhall Motors of England, and 80% share in German automobile manufacturer Adam Opel AG. Under the leadership of Alfred P. Sloan, GM had successfully exceeded the sales of Ford Motor Company.GM also became versatile by purchasing Fokker Aircraft Corp of America and Berliner-Joyce Aircraft in which later merged into oecumenic Aviation Manufacturing Corporation. GM manufactured vehicles and aircrafts for some(prenominal) Allied and axis of rotation customers during WWII. GM continued expanding and came out wi th more brands the almost any other automobile company in the world. Ford Motor Company Profile Ford Motor Company is a public company that is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Ford is a worldwide company located in Dearborn, Michigan which is also part of the S & P 500.The key people involved in the success of this great company include William C. Ford, Jr. (Executive Chairman) and Alan R. Mulally (President & CEO). Fords occupation consists of automobiles and automotive parts. Ford produces amazing vehicles much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the Mustang, F-150, Fusion, Taurus, Focus, etc. Ford also has subsidiaries such as Jaguar, Land Rover, and Volvo. Ford has its own high life cars under the Lincoln brand. The line of services that ford raises involves automotive finance, vehicle leasing, and vehicle service.Ford Motor Company has had an exceptional year with revenue up $136. 26 billion, operating income up $8. 681 billion, net income up $20. 21 billion, total assets up $178. 35 billion, and total equity up $15. 07 billion. General Motors Company Profile General Motors Company is labeled as a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange. The headquarters of GM is located in Detroit, Michigan in the Renaissance Center. GM has 156 facilities on six different continents and serves the public worldwide. One the key people in the current success of GM is Daniel Ackerson (Chairman and CEO).Their products include automobiles and automotive parts and also financial services. GM has a many subsidiaries that consist of CAMI, Adam Opel AG, Holden Ltd, Vauxhall, and more. GMs divisions include Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, and GMC. The 202,000 employees direct helped to produce revenue adding up to $150. 28 billion in 2011. To add to GMs great year, the operating income is up $9. 287 billion, net income is up $7. 585 billion total assets are up $144. 60 billion, and the total equity is up 38. 9 billion. Employee Benefits Ford provides a great benef its package.There employee package includes * Medical * Dental * Vision * stipendiary Vacation * Paid Company Holidays * Ford Flexible Work Program * Savings & Stock Investment curriculum (401K) * Ford Retirement Plan * Vehicle buy Plan * Community Service Program * Ford Employee Recreation Program (FERA) General Motors also provides an excellent benefits package. GM employees benefits package includes * Medical * Dental * Vision * Savings-Stock Purchase Program 401(k) * Personal retirement income plan * Financial planning * Life insurance * Disability benefits * 17 Paid holidays 2 Week vacation with 1-3 long time of service * 5 Week vacation for longer service employees * 5 additional paid days off Employees and immediate family members purchase vehicles at a significant discount The Customer is Always Right Our principal purpose in presenting you with this information is to help you with your ending in choosing a company to work for as a intercourses consultant. Through our r esearch we halt found a considerable amount of data that should not only help you check which company you will be choosing, but clarify which company would be the best choice.In presenting information there are several challenges in deciding which categories would elevation your interest in a company. While there are vast amounts of information at your fingertips we have reviewed soulal accounts of employee satisfaction experiences as well as customer satisfaction plentys, challenges that each competitor faces both near and far, and the tough decisions that Ford and GMC have had to make during the times of financial crisis. It is our belief that employee satisfaction is a key to a successful business and so do most major businesses, including Ford and General Motors.Employed persons spend the majority of their time at work, and that makes it unmistakable that employee satisfaction should be the angiotensin converting enzyme of the most important categories researched. To dete rmine if not only the company fits you, but to see if the YOU fit the company. Since 2009, the year of GMC filing bankruptcy, 29,000 or more salaried employees are operating under a new policy that c at a timentrates efforts towards placing the customers needs first, and receiving a bonus when customer guardianship goals are met. These efforts are to improve customer relationships with the GM products and services. Here are some comments from glassdoor. om about General motors recent customer experiences, GM is the place to go says a former project manager in Chicago, Illinois. A former engineer in Detroit, MI on a recent visit to a GMC dealer said management is working hard to improve the culture which has been slow and cumbersome. GMC since their recent financial crisis has placed a concentrated effort on employee and customer satisfaction, and it has proven to be a key to their revival. Their initiative is to increase its customer retention from 52 pct to 58 percent, if the emp loyees reach the companys retention goal it will add $4. billion in annual revenue. Mark Reuss, General Motors North America President tell its the first time in his 26-year career that the automaker will reward employees based around how well they retain their customers. General Motors is definitely creating a change in policies and procedures and only employee effort and good managing decisions will decide the future day success of the company. Ford on the other hand stood strong through the financial crisis of the latter part of the 2000s, declining acceptance of the Tarp m matchlessy offered by the Government, and choosing not to declare bankruptcy.Fords success is due mainly to the Ford family boastful up the reigns and allowing an outsider executive director control over the company, and other employees make good decisions, and allowing the company to rely on employees and great customer satisfaction to contain the ball rolling. William Bill Clay Ford, Executive Chairma n of the Board for Ford Motor Corporation, and former CEO, acknowledged that there may have been some gain ground from taking TARP money, but nothing is forever, and people have short memories. So it is really up to Ford everyday to earn our respect. GM is a great competitor, and we know that.I like where we are positioned and I like that we have positioned ourselves to earn that respect he was quoted in an article How Ford did it on Cnn. com. Fords Pulse Survey Ford motor company has gone through great lengths to improve their company not only as an automotive manufacturer but in terms of employee satisfaction. In 2009, 80 percent of Fords salaried employees participated in their annual Pulse survey. The Pulse survey gives Ford an insight into employees actual satisfaction with the company, their job, diversity, and other aspects of the workplace.The Pulse survey includes several categories one being an (ESI)- Employee Satisfaction Index, in which 68 percent gave a good rating whi ch was a two percent increase from the previous year and a third year with improvement to the companys scores. The area of greatest improvement was the employee overall satisfaction and information received from upper level management. Other areas that have improved over the years are supervision and diversity. Ford has placed a highly concentrated effort into improving communications internally to build trust and increase transparency amongst employees.Diversity in the Workplace Since 1903 Ford has been known as a leader in the automotive manufacture and a leader in diverse practices in the workplace. Ford is still committed to hiring a highly skilled workplace that reflects many different aspects of our country including culture, ethnicity, race, age, perspective, religion, physical ability and sexual orientation. In 1913 Ford offered phoebe bird dollars a day to factory workers to attract the African American and immigrant citizens in the community helping create the black midd le class.By 1916 Ford was proud to have employed with them, men and women from 62 different nationalities, and 900 disabled employees. In the year 1919 Ford is responsible for leading to the first mosque in the United States. By 1920 Ford had more African American employees than any other automotive company in the world. That year they also employed their first Asian-Indian employee whom later established the Ford of India. In 1941 Ford negotiates its first collective bargaining agreement which was groundbreaking, mostly because it explicitly prohibited discrimination based on race, color, national origin, or creed. 944 is when move Will Monroe, a rivet gun operator, was chosen to appear in a commercial for the Ford Motor Company showing determined women factory workers and personifying the Ford image of diversity for all in the workplace. In 1970 several women join the company as salaried employees. They quickly moved up the executive ranks becoming the first women to enter Fords Marketing and Sales Management Program. Today, Fords efforts continue in hiring female employees in the executive, management, and engineering divisions. Barb J.Samardzich, Vice President of Powertrain Engineering has said that today 18% of Ford employees are women, which is 5% higher than it was when she graduated from college. In 2003, the company include an expanded definition of diversity to include not only race, ethnicity, age and gender but also many things are unique to employees unique such as backgrounds, opinions, experiences, perspectives and life situations. It also put an emphasis on fostering an inclusive culture that is free of barriers, and in which all employees are included, respected and comprehended, says Ford executives. At GM, we view diversity as a critical business imperative that in the long-term will benefit each of us, and all of us. We drive diversity throughout our organization by focusing on five areas Customers, Communities, Dealers, and Suppliers sa ys GM executive. GMC hasnt always made the best decisions as a company, but one of the keys to their success is creating a strongly diverse workforce. On March 14 GMC hosted a luncheon celebrating their 50th anniversary of Inforum a schoolmaster organization focused on creating strategic connections and accelerating careers for women throughout Michigan.This year GMC showed a bit of Latin flair when they allowed designer Johanna Medina, designer of GMCs Acadia to be the soda speaker. She mouth to students of Bronx high school of visual arts about her path to working as a designer for GMC and how much she enjoys the diversity of their workforce. The General Motors African Ancestry Affinity Network (GMAAN) held its 6th Annual Black History Month Celebration on February 24, 2012 at the Grand Ballroom inside the Greektown Hotel in Detroit, MI. This years theme was Influencing a New Generation and GMs own Mr.Ed Welburn, Vice President of Global Design, was the Keynote Speaker. Ed spok e about his love and passion for designing vehicles and how it was influenced by GM at a very early age and he was absolutely determined to work for the company that inspired him. He manages 11 Global design studios in eight countries and over 1,800 creative people that continue to design the best award-winning vehicles around the world. Ed is the 6th person to lead GM Design in the companys 100 year history and the first to lead a united GM Global Design organization.GM also supports diversity by recognizing women of color in the workplace. In 2011, Chevrolet was the sponsor for BETs first annual award show for women of color, BLACK GIRLS ROCK & Soul Tour. GMC has constantly showed their efforts to encourage diversity in the workplace from Celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. to being one of the Gold sponsors of the Special Olympics of Michigan which were held on Macomb Community College Campus in Warren, MI. First Lt. Travis Manion was moved by the members of FDNY Rescue Company On e, one of the first fire companies to do to the World Trade Center on Sept. 1, after spending a day with them before his last tour of Iraq in 2006. Their hard work and establish only reinforced Travis belief in serving his country. While Travis was killed by enemy fire in Fallujah later that year, his spirit lives on thanks to the Travis Manion Foundation. In July 2011, the GM Foundation and Chevrolet donated $250,000 to the Travis Manion Foundation to help take its 9/11 Heroes Run fundraiser nationwide. Ford and GMC are two very great companies that show much promise for the future. They have increased size, lollyability, applied science, but most importantly employee and customer relations.Ford was built on tradition and has set several trade trends in which most automotive companies have followed including GMC. General Motors has also made a name for itself in the automotive industry becoming a known producer of feel cars and other automotive parts. They have partnered with several diverse groups to spread an image of how much they care about keeping culture, diversity, and employees rights and freedoms amongst the highest priorities. These are only a a couple of(prenominal) aspects that define both of these companies without diving into financial statements and stock prices.The more important points we hope to reach in coming to a conclusion on the decision for you is what the companies plan to do with their futures. What challenges does each of these competitors face? What difficult decisions have each had to make for each of them to still be thriving as much as they are today? Looking Ahead The most important part of planning your future career with a company is to research what decisions they are make currently about guiding their future. The automotive industry faces several challenges in todays struggling parsimony while trying to make those choices.Globalization, Demographics, General Motors is currently going through a complete renovation w ith their new business model in place, combining automotive aspects with new digital technology, and competing with new entrants into the industry that now have a competitive advantage with smaller more sparing alternative vehicles. In todays U. S. automotive market there are companies such as Nissan, Honda, Toyota, Fiat, and more who have become heavyweight competitors in the national and international industry.Detroit was for years the epicenter of the American automotive industry it was not until recently when the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) allowed foreign companies to open factories in the sulfur-Eastern areas of the country. This move actually gave foreign companies a great perception in the publics eyes because it created thousands of employment opportunities for locals and those who lived in northern states who were struggling to find jobs. The Southern Auto Corridor which includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia serves as the production center of foreign automotive companies and provides the biggest competitor for auto makers such as Ford and General Motors. They not only have to compete with the publics opinions of the companies providing better jobs, but also the foreign companies cornering the fuel efficiency market. Ford, since it was established has been an innovator in the automotive industry, from the T-model to the Ford F-150.Ford has set the standard with being the first to release new technology and set trends in the highly competitive industry. In the 1960s it was the Mustang and today its vehicles such as the Fusion, and Focus with incredibly sparingal technology setting the cars estimated fuel economy over 40 miles per gallon. General Motors has also been one of the industries top competitors and most creative innovators. In the 1960s when Ford released the Mustang, setting an industry standard for American vehi cles, General Motors released the Camaro and Firebird which became the Mustangs number one competitor.Today they are at the top of the American automotive industry, releasing the Chevy Volt a hybrid vehicle that offers consumers enough fuel efficiency to make a trip to the gas station only once a month with regular charging. The competition continues between these two mega competitors in the research and using of hybrid vehicles, Sports Utility Vehicles that can hold large families and achieve the same fuel economy as the smaller hybrid vehicles.In todays economy efficient personal finance has become the key to our success, and as a smart business model Ford and General Motors has realized that creating smarter, more economical vehicles is the best way to increase consumer perception and retention. With gas prices fluctuating daily, hybrid and alternative vehicles have become the future of the automotive industry. They have become the future not only because of consumers personal f inances, but because of global warming. The environmental affects of motor vehicles is threatening the way of life as we know it.Global Warming is a rise in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and is affected heavily first by the ocean, but secondly by large factories and vehicles such as cars and trucks giving off large amounts of CO2. As time goes on the Earth will be plagued with horrible climates and scarce resources, thats why the automotive industry and the people of the world are strongly pursuing alternative vehicle options to save the environment. The environment changes as well as the societal views and opinions. Cars that were once considered popular are no longer the talk of the town.The age group that vehicles are sold to is often identified by the amount of digital technology it has or the sport styled body kits. Demographic and Consumer behavior have always been a challenge for the automotive industry. It is why they change models yearly in efforts to inc orporate new and improved functions. Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Co. are Americas legendary competitors in the automotive industry. There is not a person in the United States that does not know at least one or two vehicle models of either company.Who Has the Advantage? Ford Motor Company and General Motors have both competitive advantages over each other and over other automobile companies. Both companies make all types of automobiles, from cars to SUVs, which gives them an advantage of fling all types of automobiles. Ford Motors adopted the strategy that allowed it low production cost by cutting all the excessive cost involved in its operations. (Ford geek Study) This strategy gave Ford a big cost advantage over other competitors in terms of lower cost.By cutting the costs on materials and production supplies that were not being used effectively, Ford increased their profits and could increase their market share. Ford increased its market position in the automobile industry by increasing consumer trust by fighting against bankruptcy. A competitive advantage that both companies have in the industry is the cost of their products. Both companies provide affordable vehicles that consumers are looking to buy during these hard economic times.Although the automobile industry has taken a huge hit in recent years due to the recession, they are still fighting hard to produce new and eco-friendly vehicles for consumers. General Motors has a competitive advantage in the selection of vehicles they offer to the public. Since General Motors is made up of four widely known automobile companies (Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, and GMC), they have a wider target market and are therefore able to appeal to more consumers. Both Ford and GM offer great service. This gives them a competitive advantage over other automobile companies that lack in service and part availability.Companies such as Mercedes-Benz and Audi, which are built in foreign countries, sometimes take a little l onger to get parts and that could make some consumers shy away from them. Our conclusion is that Ford Motor Companys ability to cut cost while still making a forest product gives them the advantage over General Motors. The Great Automobile Recession Both Ford Motor Company and General Motors have faced challenges in the past that were hard for them to overcome. We can start to look as recent as the last ten years to see challenges that had to be overcome.Ford and General Motors were both near bankruptcy due to the most recent depression. In 2006, Ford posted its biggest operating loss to date $12. 6 billion. This coincided with continued deterioration in market share, with the majority of these losses being captured by Toyota and General Motors. From 1997 to 2007, Fords United States market share plummeted from 25% to 15%. (Oasis Consulting) Ford is making moves to try to get the company back on its feet and moving in the right direction. One thing that Ford did to get through thes e rough economic times was to sell Jaguar and Land Rover.They are also in the process of trying to sell Volvo, which could be very economically productive for them. The Ford Motor Company is trying to get rid of all their other companies to cut costs and help overcome the enormous debt owed by the company. General Motors went through the same economic challenges as Ford, except their situation was a little worse. As General Motors got right to the threshold of bankruptcy, they were bailed out by the U. S. Treasury in an effort to keep the United States automobile companies afloat. GM, critically short of operating cash, received a bridge loan from the U. S.Treasury, under the conditions that the company further accelerates a tough restructuring of its U. S. operations that had been underway for several years. (General Motors web site) These economic hardships pushed both of these companies to the limit, but they were both able to overcome these challenges and become stronger because of it. Due to the extreme consequences General Motors had to face during the recession, we believe that Ford Motor Company is in better shape as an overall company. General Motors had to be bailed out by the government, which kernel that they were going bankrupt before being prone money by the government.Company Success Both companies have had plenty success in their histories. One of Ford Motor Companys biggest successes is the creation of the Mustang in the 1960s. The sharp, four-seat 1965 Mustang became the darling of America. The love affair brought about the sale of 100,000 Mustangs in the first 100 days. Total sales for the year reached 418,812, far exceeding the 100,000 projected by market research. The Mustang has been one of the most popular cars in the automobile industry. For forty years, Ford has made a huge profit from the selling of the Mustang.Another success story was the creation of the Thunderbird. This car came out before the Mustang, and was equally as popula r. The 1955 Thunderbird made its first public visual aspect in dealer showrooms on Oct. 22, 1954 with a selling price of $2,695, although delivery prices ranged from $3,000 to $4,000. The public went for the Thunderbird in a big way, placing more than 3,500 orders in the first 10-day selling period. This shows just how popular this Ford model was in its time. Two thousand dollars was a lot during that time period, and to sell that many means major profit for Ford Motor Company.General Motors also has their share of success stories. To be the best, General Motors must continually meet and exceed customer expectations. To be flexible and successful across our organizations Vehicle Manufacturing (Assembly, Powertrain and Stamping), Manufacturing Engineering, and Service Parts Operations we use a single common manufacturing system to ensure high quality and reliability. This shows that General Motors takes great pride in making sure that each vehicle is created to the best of their ability. For most of the twentieth century, General Motors was biggest company in the automobile industry.We have given several reasons why we have chosen Ford Motor Company as the company you would prefer to work for. Ford Motor Company is in better financial shape, has remained a leader in employees overall Quality of Life, and has made smart, progressive, and innovative decisions concerning the future of their company as a leader in the automotive industry. General Motors, who had been bailed out by the government is making a turn around since the crisis, but the company is still searching for an identity as a brand, and has a lot of work to do in directing their company.There are several challenges for both companies and with competition comes job opportunities. As a communication consultant for Ford or GMC would be a great career, but our consulting group is sure that we have displayed to you that Ford is the company for you. Works Cited A&E Television Networks, LLC. William D urant creates General Motors. http//www. history. com/this-day-in-history/william-durant-creates-general-motors (2011). Dornbach-Bender, Rhett, Bill Slade & Joe Thorpe. Strategic report for Ford Motor Company. Oasis Consulting. 20 April 2009. Web. 11 April 2012. http//economics-files. pomona. du/jlikens/SeniorSeminars/oasis/reports/F. pdf Ford Motor Company. An American Legend. Web. 13 April 2012. http//media. ford. com/article_display. cfm? article_id=81 Glassdoor. Ford Motor Reviews. http//www. glassdoor. com/Reviews/Ford-Motor-Reviews-E263. htm (2012). GM Historical Pamphlets. General Motors. http//www. gmheritagecenter. com/gm-heritage-archive/historical-brochures. html (2012). Sabatini, Jeff. GM now tying all employee bonuses customer Loyalty. Automotive News. http//www. autoblog. com/2012/06/05/gm-now-tying-all-employee-bonuses-to-customer-loyalty/. (2012). Sustainablity Report Employee Satisfaction.

Conflicting perspectives Essay

Before initial reading The comments to the right argon my thoughts and inquirys on phrases I have placed in the essay and how conquer they would be.Analyse the ways unlike sides generate diverse and incendiary insights.All texts composed convey an agenda which is based on the composers context. William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Jason Reitmans satirical film Thank You For Smoking (2005) and George Orwells Animal Farm (1945) all use conflicting perspectives to convey their agenda by generating diverse and provocative insights. Conflicting perspectives are generated by means of the use and potential abuse of power, manipulation and the contrast between public and private doubles and thus the responder is positi mavend to undertake the perspective the composer has deemed to be valid.The use and abuse of power, the use of manipulation to gain power and the contrast between public and private personas are explored through the portrayal of conflicting perspectives. It apprize be seen that the responder is positi championd to .. the point youre trying to make is that the use of conflicting perspectives allows for some ambiguity in the portrayal of these themes notwithstanding you force therefore say that ultimately we are positioned to accept that and then you could specify exactly what.Shakespeares converge Julius Caesar demonstrates conflicting perspectives on the nature of power. Shakespeare utilised this play as a commentary on the political situation of the time regarding the mon obeisanceh of Elizabeth I. Elizabeth had gradually increased her power at the expense of the aristocracy and field of operations of Commons, giving source to political disputes. Likewise, Caesar has been granted dictatorial powers in the Roman Republic but he is not presented to have misused his power.Instead, Caesars hubris is much prevalent this which is seen to be the catalyst for the potential misuse of power. Brutus is aware of this and his idealism for a Roman Repu blic leads him to articulatio the conspirators, shown in his soliloquy in motivate Two Scene angiotensin-converting enzyme. Brutus uses extended metaphors of a ladder and serpents in vagabond to question Caesars ambition in conjunction with power. Brutus statesthat young ambitions ladder piss him to look into the clouds, leading him to scorn the base degrees by which he did ascend. Brutus similarly considers Caesar a serpents egg, which would grow mischievous, and kill him in the stupefy. The imagery of killing before birth reveals that Brutus is willing to remove Caesar before any tyrannical tendencies take place, suggesting that the b needwash was unjust.Brutus would later attempt to justify the assassination that because Caesar was ambitious, I slew him. The conditional language and use of logos in demonstrating a clear cause and effect convinces the reference at Caesars funeral speaking that the assassination was just, based on the declarative mood in their reaction t hat Caesar was a tyrant. heretofore an alternative perspective is displayed through Antony. Even with Caesars dictatorial powers he has not seen any way in which he has abused his position, forming the basis of his defence of Caesar in his funeral oration.He uses conditional language by questioning if Caesar was ambitious and he uses logos in presenting Caesars lack of ambition. Antony draws on practice sessions such as he thrice refused the crown and when coupled with the rhetorical question did this in Caesar seem ambitious? he questions the view of the responders by providing a logical response to Brutus ill-based accusations. Antony is open to demonstrate Caesars lack of ambition and wherefore Caesars just use of power for the good of Rome. As a declaration Shakespeare presents two conflicting perspectives on power which generates diverse and provocative insights into his context.George Orwells Animal Farm alike evokes similar ideas but its context as an allegory for the S talinist rule of Soviet Russia must also be considered. George Orwell explores the capriciousness of the corrupting nature of power in his allegorical novel (or political satire) Animal Farm. The allegory is a criticism of Soviet Communism tracks the rise of Napoleon, representing Stalin after the overthrow of Mr Jones, representing the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II. and how his power is seen to slowly corrupt prompting in its abuse. At the beginning of the allegory/fable the animals are seen to be harbouring discontent against their autocratic ruler of Mr Jones through their plotting to overthrow gentles out of their farm. Major states with a declarative mood that they should remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever.This connotes that MrJones has abused his powers in allowing the poor conditions for his working animals. After the animals have revolted against Mr Jones the original enactments of animalism are created, calling f or the equal dispersion of power as all animals are equal. that Napoleons use of intimidation through brute force upsets the equality and with the behave of snowball Napoleon is left in a position of absolute power. Napoleons guard dogs are used as a root to symbolise his power as even after his initial deployment of his dogs against Snowball the dogs growled so threateningly that they accepted his explanation without any further questions.Napoleons power is also seen to corrupt him and he is ironically presented as to be simply a replacement for Mr Jones. Through reverting the name of the farm stick out to Manor Farm Orwell perceives that the situation the animals are in do not differ from the reality of life under Mr Jones. Napoleons transformation into a man is seen to represent this as the animals look from pig to man, from man to pig, and from pig to man again, but already it was impossible to determine which was which.The repetition and inversion of the identify of pig a nd man highlight the confusion the animals have over their present reality. This illustrates the corruption of power in Napoleon and with this Orwell is suggesting that life under Stalin was no divergent than from Russias previous autocratic ruler of Tsar Nicholas II. Consequently Orwells use of conflicting perspectives over the issue of power in an allegory is able to provide a commentary of Orwells perspective of the nature of Stalinist Russia. Good you clearly analyse and show the changed perspective of Napoleon but rescript and consider how to clearly identify the conflicting perspectives.Julius Caesar demonstrates how a conflict between public and private personas can result in conflicting perspectives of characters. Act One Scene One introduces the idea of conflicting perspectives within personas with the Senators Flavius and Murellius and their perception of the commoners. The Senators clearly see the commoners as inferior with their descriptions as of them as vulgar and t he basest metal. This juxtaposes the dictatorial diction used by them to describe the commoners as good countrymen when they are in the public sphere, suggesting that the patronising tone used had the sole decision of gaining swan from the commoners. However Antony isthe character that conceals the deepest division between public and private personas, demonstrating his Machiavellian nature.His public persona is presented toas supportive of the assassination by being supportive of the conspirators as he states that it would become me better than to close in terms of friendship with thine enemies. Give a bit more info of context. Who does he say this to? However his antithesis is indicated through his hope that you shall give me reasons why and wherein Caesar was dangerous. How? This is implied to be a signal of support from Antony towards the conspiratorshow? but it hid his inner motives of his desire offor conflict against the conspirators.His private persona is presented to be heavily opposed to the assassination and he calls for havoc and let slip the dogs of war, with the violent imagery clearly stating his intention and perspective of the assassination. honour that this is in a soliloquy before the oration and what we learn. His private persona is reflected in his funeral orations where he repeatedly implies his disagreement with the assassination but never explicitly stating his stance. Initially he states that he comes to bury Caesar, not to praise him, but this is pose with his questioning tone and use of rhetorical questions that serve the purpose of suggesting the lack of justice in the assassination. Eg?His private persona comes into full view by the conclusion of his oration where through pathos he calls the stones of Rome to rise up and mutiny. Link to the dogs of war comments.This perspective of encouraging mutiny is therefore in direct contrast with his interactions with the other conspirators. Explain where. As a result conflicting perspec tives are shown also within the characters in order to generate diverse and provocative insights.Similarly, Jason Reitmans satirical film Thank You For Smoking also projects similar ideas regarding public and private personas. The film is a satire onof the perception of cigarettes and tobacco but not to the end in which it is condoned, due to the fact that no character in the film is seen smoking. Conflicts in private and personal personas are seen through the protagonist of Nick Naylor with his public support of cigarettes and questioning of its associated health issues, juxtaposed with his private persona where he openly admits to smoking-related health issues. This issue is displayed through Naylors criteria for winning an argument, that Iproved that youre wrong. And if youre wrong, Im rightextend this quote with film techniques used at this point. His public persona has a distinct lack of integrity as he provides mistaken promises on the nature of his employer, the Academy of T obacco Studies. This is shown at the beginning of the film where on a talk show he promises 50 million dollars to go on kids not to smoke.This is done despite it being completely contradictory to the perspectives of his employer who asks him 50 million dollars? Are you out of your mind? The anger of his boss on promising the sum of money is seen through the closeup of his face as well as his questioning tone. However Naylors private persona admits to the health issues associated with smoking. In a meeting with the MOD group (Merchants of Death, constituting people from Americas firearms, alcohol and tobacco industries) in the film they discuss deaths directly attributed to their industry in order to gauge Americas most hated industry. Naylor boasts that my product puts away 475 000 a year and he gloats that the level of alcohol related deaths is small in context 100 000 in a year? Wowee a tragedy.Excuse me if I dont exactly see terrorists getting turned on(p) kidnapping anyone fr om the alcohol industry. The un connected facial expression coupled with the mid-close up shots of Naylor displaying no emotion and the comparison of deaths to terrorism demonstrates the complete disregard of human life. You need to comment on the use of satire as a way to highlight the conflict between what is said on screen and the purpose of the film maker. This is exemplified by the fast transition of shots in the conversation indicating the competitiveness of the argument. This scene is a satire ?on the perceived lack of moral botheration demonstrated by tobacco industry through its use of absurdist behaviour, mainly instigated by Naylor. Therefore Naylors contradiction between his public and private personas is also another medium used by Reitman in order to convey conflicting perspectives on his satire of the tobacco industry.Manipulation is one central concern in Julius Caesar which generates conflicting perspectives. Cassius is able to manipulate Brutus into firstly believ ing the idealism of his cause and thus joining the conspirators and enacting Caesars death. Brutus is presented to be an idealistic character as he loves the name of honour more than I fear death. The antitheticallanguage of honour and death demonstrates that he has cast himself as the estimable idealist, and when coupled with Brutus fear that Rome chooses Caesar as their king Cassius is free to manipulate him into joining the conspirators. He uses hyperbole to exaggerate Caesars status and he juxtaposes images of him being both a Colossus and a sick girl in order to prove his weakness to Brutus. Cassius also appeals to his idealistic nature. His monologue contains the epistrophy epistrophe one man that reveals Caesars true power, that only one man is Rome.This position is different to the democratic Roman Republic that Brutus represents and admires and he is slowly manipulated to join the conspirators. Manipulation is also seen to demonstrate the power of language, seen through th e differing funeral orations of Brutus and Antony. Initially the commoners are irate onabout Caesars assassination and the declarative mood presented through we will be satisfied highlights their anger but it also serves as a point of juxtaposition. Brutus use of logos convinces the crowd that he loved Rome more than Caesar through posing rhetorical lines that question the loyalty of the commoners and Caesars supposedly true nature. Immediately following his oration the commoners immediately affirm that Caesar was a tyrant, with this declarative statement juxtaposing heavily with the sentiment displayed in the first line of the scene. However the crowd are manipulated again by Antony to subscribe to his point of view.He adopts a questioning tone throughout his oration in inquiring onabout the validity of Brutus statements in order to not directly oppose Brutus but let his audience question their own perspectives. He repeats the phrase Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man but the repetition of the phrase combined with the logos in his argument in proving Caesars lack of ambition therefore hint at the invalidity of Brutus argument. Further on in his oration Antony also uses metaphor to describe Brutus, that he was Caesars angel. This image is contrasted with the assassination, the most unkindest cut of all and this contributes to the sentiment of betrayal with Brutus that assists in manipulating the audience. By the conclusion of the speech the commoners are united with one common purpose, shown in the stage direction in that all the commoners state Well mutiny against Brutus. Antonys rapid manipulation of the crowd demonstrates the power of languageand how it can be used to shape perspective.The manipulation of the animals in Animal Farm also conveys similar sentiment. Orwell utilises a cyclical structure of the allegory in order to demonstrate the power of manipulation instigated mainly by the antagonist of Napoleon and his spokespers on of Squealer. Orwells use of the text as an allegory of Soviet Russia creates a chilling context for the reader due to the fact that manipulation was repeated in Stalins rule of Russia, leading to the subjugation of the citizens of the Soviet Union. The pigs of Napoleon and Snowball quickly establish themselves as the superior class in the new classless society of Animalism. Their superior intellect immediately allows them to create a simplified maxim for Animalism, which was to be four legs good, two legs bad. The sheep, representing the uneducated class, immediately begin to circulate this simplified form of Animalism and their attitude is reflected in the sheep bleating this onfor hours on end.The onomatopoeia exemplifies the repetitive nature and submissiveness in accepting this maxim and thus of the commands set by Napoleon throughout the allegory. Motif as well? The commandments of Animalism is used as a vehicle to demonstrate the manipulation of the animals. The commandmen ts are changed repeatedly throughout the allegory to manipulate the common animals and their poor memory as well as their naivety contributes to their ultimate acceptance of the new norm. The first notion of this manipulation is done when the pigs move and reside in the farmhouse. The new commandment reads no animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets, with the sheets clause added. The character of Clover demonstrates the naivety of the animals in general as she had not cerebrateed if it mentioned sheets, but as it was there on the wall, it must have done so. The high modality of it must have done so contrasts her failure to remember the commandment. Squealers immediate entry in justifying the change in the commandment is another example of manipulation as he uses his intellectual high quality and logos in order to influence his listeners. He states that a bed is simply a place to sleep in and not a corporeal construct and his argument juxtaposes the affirmation at the establishment of Animalism that the commandments were unalterable laws. The death of the character of pugilist also reveals the extent of Napoleons manipulation.Boxer is a follower of Napoleon throughthe adoption of the motto Napoleon is always right which, when combined with his hardworking nature, should warrant great care and respect from the pigs. However when Boxer falls ill he is taken to the horse slaughterer to be killed in exchange for money. This reality, witnessed by the animals, contrasts the explanation of Squealer in that the van had previously been the property of the knacker, and had been bought by the veterinary surgeon. By the conclusion of the allegory Napoleons power has become increased to such an extent that even the commandments of Animalism are shown to reflect the changes in that all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others. The paradoxical nature of this statement juxtaposes the original idealistic thinking based behind the creation of Animalism and demonstrates the extent of the manipulation of the animals. The animals are not aware that they are living in conditions very similar to life under Jones which forms the basis of Orwells cyclical structure of the allegory. The bending of the truth by the pigs as well as the willingness of the animals to accept this reality highlights the vast extent and impact of manipulation. Thus manipulation is another medium in which conflicting perspectives can be revealed.Composers of texts use conflicting perspectives in order to generate diverse and provocative insights into their context. These perspectives are shown to favour one side and they can provide an insight into the opinion of the composer on issues affecting their context. This is seen in Julius Caesar, Thank You For Smoking and Animal Farm where the composers, through their portrayal of power, public and private personas and manipulation that form the basis of conflicting perspectives.This is excellent overall. However, ther e are things you can do to improve. The analysis of AF is almost longer than Caesar. You must mention the end of Caesar in your analysis. There doesnt seem to be at to the lowest degree one quote from Acts 4 or 5. Find a couple and use them. In the first body paragraph on power, use quotes for Antony from elsewhere in the play, not just the oration. Eg comment on the deification of Caesar at the start and how stage directions are used by Shakespeare to contrast the views of the commoners/Antony/ and Cassius/Brutus and others.Give an example of where wesee Caesars hubris northern star and contrast that with his humility elsewhere. Shakespeare is always offering contrasting views and creating ambiguity. However, comment also on how we are finally positioned at the end of the play. If discussing Brutuss hubris, mention the tragic structure. Contrast the way this character is presented at the beginning, middle and then the end when we see the consequences of both his idealism and hubri s when he fights with Cassius and dies and then the final comments by Antony.When writing about Antony, consider the way he is presented as loyal, then angry and vengeful about the murder of Caesar, then pitiful, then scheming and manipulative. Take quotes from a range of places throughout the whole play to give the reader a better understanding of the narrative arc of this character. The final paragraph on AF could be edited. It is very long and veers away from the idea of conflicting perspectives in the middle and becomes an analysis of the novel. Throughout the discussion, you could make relate between it and Caesar to remind the reader of your point. Email if you have questions.

Global Warming and Geomorphology Essay

In his article Global Warming and Geomorphology, David K. C. Jones attempts to distinguish in the midst of the doom and gloom predictions surrounding and offer a more realistic approach to the effects that climate change over entrust have on the geologic and biosphere aspects of the planet and specifically on the British Isles. Climate fluctuation based on the presence of so-called nursery gases has been occurring for most of the last geological period.At issue, however, argon several(prenominal) factors that have non been considered in previous periods of rapid climate change including the impact of humanity on nursery gases and humanitys knowledge of its impact (Jones, 124). This knowledge of humanitys impact on geomorphology shag be used for either gain in the approach path orbiculate change or can be used to incite doomsday predictions.Jones theorizes that geomorphologic change whitethorn have happened this rapidly in the British Isles at the end of the last ice age, but t hat since humanity was not aware of it or could exclusively respond to the changes as they happened, modern man may have an advantage to protect his environment. The problem with the knowledge that humanity has equaled globular climate change is that it also points out how much we do not know. The author discusses this in terms of regionalization, the brain that some global effects of climate change go away only affect certain regions. The effects he identified as potentials were(i) The equallihood of catastrophic outcomes (ii) The potential distribution of winners and losers within an economy, both over space and through time (iii) Whether winners and losers can be faithfully identified through improved modeling in sufficient time to allow effective policy formulation (iv) Evaluation of the costs and benefits of climatic change prevention compared with those generated by responding to changed climate through ad securement and (v) Evaluation of the costs of attempting to main tain the status quo compared with managed adaptation to changing environmental conditions. (Jones, 126) In essence, Jones begin his c equal by saying that it is the socio-economic factors of global warming which might be more devastating to humanity than the actual physical changes on the planet. Much ado, he says, has been do about the effect the rising of the mean sea level on the planet could have in areas such as Bangladesh, where 9 percent of the initiation would be affected by a rising sea level, creating millions of climate refugees or in Egypt, where the nation could lose as much as 15 percent of its farmland to rising water (Jones, 127).None of these factors threatens the existence of humanity, but they do threaten life as we know it. Changes in conditions human bodys, book binding soil erosion and rainfall could have enormous effects on agricultural production, for instance, which may have a major effect on the worlds economy, but it is unlikely to have such a far-re aching effect as to produce global food shortages. Jones does not tout ensemble negate the idea that humanity could face dire consequences associated with global climate change, but he does argue that they are more likely to be economic than physical.(127). However, Jones also argues that the baron to predict the impact of global warming on geomorphology and the biosphere is somewhat limited. Specifically, he claims that Predicting changes in the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases remains problematic because of hesitancy as to existing sources, pathways, fluxes and stores of the various gases involved, combined with difficulties of estimating future patterns of human inputs (Houghton et al. , 1990, 1992 DOE, 1991 Wigley and Raper, 1992) 2 Climate is the great integrator and, therefore, reflects a huge range of influences, both global and extra-terrestrial, some natural others human-induced, operateing at varying temporal and spatial scales. Both identifying and predicti ng the influences of greenhouse gases are, therefore, extremely difficult 3 The relationship between greenhouse gases and climatic parameters is not simple because of both positive and negative feedback mechanisms, step-wise changes resulting from the existence of threshold conditions, synergies, and the complex influence of the oceans and their circulation patterns 4 Predicting change remains hampered by lack of knowledge regarding system parameters (e. g. ocean-atmosphere coupling) and the awesome magnitude of the computing task required by the most sophisticated models. (Jones, 126-127) Perhaps the most important part of the thesis that Jones is trying to make is that once we have accepted that global warming is affected by human action, we must therefore accept that we can affect how significant that climate change will be.Specifically, Jones talks about the potential impact of actions taken to mitigate global warming including attempts to reduce the production of greenhouse gases and actions taken with regard to soil shift which is likely to occur rapidly during the temperature increase. Efforts to discuss beach erosion, cliff erosion and affects on deltas and coral islands should emphasize what actions can be taken to lessen the effect of rising ocean levels. Any action then taken to attempt to control these forces of natures will have a substantial effect on the outcome related to those climate changes.The first involvement I noticed about this article is that it was published nearly 15 years ago, making some of its basic assumptions rather obsolete. For example, Jones discusses the great computer power needed to perform the complex projections related to weather patterns and global warming. while it is possible that this limitation was considered a severe one in 1993, the rapid expansion of computer processing power means that more recent looks at global warming can attempt to analyze weather-related data and infer probability based on those hist ory patterns. neverthelessmore, the computer models can be precise detailed and discuss specific projected ocean levels in individual cities or nations and over a specific time frame. No longer is it just a cataclysmic claim that the sea levels will rise, but it is a specific claim regarding how much water will be where. The second thing I noticed about this article was that it was published in the midst of some of the worst natural springing in modern United States history, the great flood of 1993 on the Mississippi River.Flood levels that year reached beyond the 100-year-floodplain and ignited questions about the effects of changing weather patterns on agriculture and population centers in the important United States. Since then, we have seen major flooding along several major rivers in the United States including the Rio Grande, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, while at the same time sightedness the Colorado River suffer from enormous drought conditions, creating a lack of potable water for major western American cities. On the British Isles, we recently spy massive flooding along the Thames River and associated death and destruction.already, just 15 years after Jones article, we are seeing the effects of global warming as weather patterns shift causing record heat waves in Europe, killing hundreds, and shifts in the American food producing states where rain seems to come at inappropriate times or inappropriate amounts. Next, I began to consider Jones theory that massive global climate change is primarily concerning most people because of the economic shifts it will likely cause. If several countries see their major crops begin to die out because of a climate shift, will we see the food production belts shift just northward and further southward from the equator?And, what effect will this have on the habitable portions of the world? As additional areas of the world become classified as tropical and subtropical, what will be the effect on populat ion patterns? Will regions now largely devoted to population centers need to give the land back to agrarian tasks? Already we are seeing the effects of the global climate shift in India and Pakistan. India with about 1 billion people does not have the ecological resources to brave out its population, including, but not limited to, clean water.This contributes to the political instability of the region as Pakistan and other Indian neighbors face regular mass immigration from India. These massive population shifts are causing or contributing to political strife worldwide. Likewise, as food production suffers because populations are no longer nomadic and able to follow the seasons to appropriate growing conditions, it seems likely that increased international strife will develop over the supply of natural resources ranging from deciduous trees to natural grains.Further impacting this is a move to biofuels as an attempt to curb the production of greenhouse gases. So far, we have been a ble to observe that the high demand for grains and sugar lash to be converted in to ethanol and other biofuels has begun to drive up the cost of food stuffs on an international basis. As some point, the system will break and people will demand that they be able to afford to eat. Perhaps the most interesting portion of Jones article is his claim that the doomsday predictions are overblown and that climate change is not necessarily a cataclysmic event.Though it is unlikely that human-induced climate change will be the cause of an experimental extinction event, it appears more likely that the economic and political strife caused by the climate change may cause severe population reducing events including limited war or extinction events such as a nuclear confrontation. Given the recent receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize to American Albert Gore Jr. for his work on informing the public about global warming, the lessons of Jones article are particularly timely.His advice that a plan for m itigating the effects of global warming needs to be developed and implemented beginning in the 1990s and ext terminate to 2050 is very rise up received. The only tragedy is that this advice was soundly ignored for the first decade after he gave it and real attention to global warming has only come in recent years as a result of the Kyoto Treaty and efforts like those of Gore. It seems incredible that the debate over the validity of the science of global warming still exists when there is evidence of its existence and of humanitys effect on it.I feared at first when reading Jones introduction that he was going to be one of the people who claim that the climate shift is part of a semi-predictable pattern of geological history as so many naysayers are wont to do. However, I was pleasantly surprised to find that his analysis acknowledges that it is happening at an quicken rate because of the impact of humanity and his statements in support of the idea that humanity can thus also miti gate its impact on the globe and on the species.More importantly perhaps is that some of Jones suggestions can be applied to mitigating the effects of global climate even if the climate change is a completely natural cycle unaffected by the pollutants added to the atmosphere by humanity. Efforts to prevent soil erosion and to minimize building in floodplains make simple sense. Anyone who simply accepts the fact of changing weather patterns can easily see the logic in these efforts regardless of whether they have any desire to reduce their carbon footprint. utilise technological advances to help prevent soil loss during flood events and to insist that populations take climate change into consideration are of value regardless of the causes of global warming. Furthermore, Jones explanation regarding the geological history of interglacial periods can be viewed as reassuring to even those who are convinced of the human factor in global warming. At some times, the earth has undergone rapi d ecological change in the past and the biosphere has not been destroyed.Therefore, his conclusions that global warming is neither something to be ignored nor the world ending event that it has been portrayed as is a very lucid approach. Too many zealots follow the anti-global warming crusades with a fervor that is as unhealthy as ignoring the issue could be. Simple changes in everyone can help prevent the need to massively adjust our lifestyles by mid-century. Efforts must be made to preserve the coastlines as much as possible and to prevent soil erosion when flooding occurs.Simple efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions should be attempted as well and people should adjust to the ideas of different crop patterns and therefore a different distribution of food resources. We should also prepare for an influx of immigrants from nations where receding coasts will come out populations with no place to live and we should take international action to address issues like the sub-Saharan drought in Africa, encouraging the sharing of natural resources like water among neighbor states.With these efforts now and an eye toward the issues that global warming will create in the relatively near future, we can prevent climate change from becoming an extinction event. If we ignore it, the strife brought on by it will likely be the end of humanity. Works Cited Jones, David K. C. Global Warming and Geomorphology, The geographical Journal, Vol. 159, No. 2, July 1993, pp. 124-130.

Kingdom of matthias

ground of Matthias is one of the literary works that gives focus to an important bring out of American history, the great age of democratic revivals in the country. The book is an attempt to find meaning and relevance in the Kingdom of Matthias.The authors of the book, Paul Johnson and Sean Wiletnz assert that the Kingdom of Matthias cannot simply be called an evangelical movement for a closer analysis of the movement will reveal that Matthias religious vision does not run in parallel with the new evangelicals of the time. Instead, his religious movement ran largely in contrast and in opposition to the evangelicals of the First and Second Great Awakenings.The book is the authors attempt to demonstrate the tale of the national shite that grew out of the Kingdom of Matthias. The authors weave a tale that integrates the three elements that made the Kingdom of Matthias prominent in American history. That is salvation, sex, and murder.The tell literary piece is enjoyable to read desp ite its gruesome and eerie topic for the authors were able to turn the story into a novel. By using the lives of several(prenominal) characters, Johnson and Wilentz were able to reveal the facets of the evangelical movement through the lives of the said characters. This was vital to the story for it prevented the book from being a mere historical account of events by giving it a personal touch. Recounting the personal tales of each of the characters enabled the authors to tell the events in a story-telling manner.The book must also be commended for its ability to colligate the events of the past to those of the present. This is vital especially since the book is often times used by students who want to see the relevance of what they be reading to their lives today.However, there are certain cases when the authors were seemingly exhausting the story too much. By doing so, they were clouding the story with tedium to certain extents. For instance, I do not see the pauperization to d iscuss and expound on the Matthews brothers involvement in the anti-masonic hysteria in Rochester.Since the focal point of the book is a evangelical movement, it should be expect that much of the interchange will be centered on the intricacies of the religion and the beliefs it tries to promulgate. However, the authors were not able to give that much focus on the religious beliefs. Instead, the discussion was centered on how the Kingdom of Matthias was at the edge of religious respectability and how its teachings led to the scandal it saw itself in.Finally, the community played a very relevant role in the novel for the authors defined the lives of the main characters based on how the community reacted to them. In each of the stories that were recounted, the communitys role was largely explored. From the defense lawyers of certain evangelical movements of the membership of certain characters, to the reactions of the community to the practices of the Kingdom of Matthias, the authors continuously discussed the role and relevance of the community to the story.Kingdom of Matthias is a historical novel that explores the scandal of the evangelical movement of the same name. It tackles the relevance of how radical evangelism helped shaped the country into what it is today.

Science Has Made Man’s Life Quite Comfortable

Science has changed the face of the world. It has, of course, given many things that benefit man. But the evils that it has showered on man wash away the advantages. It has make man depend on machines, calculators and computers. A day may come when his physical and mental faculties may grow so weak that he may not be able to lift a bag or solve a simple equation. In the field of health services, it has given us life-saving drugs. But it has also given drugs like smack and heroin. Nuclear energy created by science has been much praised but the blast in Russia has exploded the myth.Atom bombs created by scientists were thrown on Hiroshima and Nagasaki decades ago. The painful memory still lingers and millions of people are still ill. I apparently support science. Science has made all the things possible. in truth. without science we cannot imagine our lives. humans might have extincted long back if science had not been improved. so,i think it s not a bane for the society. in that lo cation is a misconception about science ,people think that it is the science which is responsible for the explosions as well as destruction.But I think it is human brain which caused all this destruction. citizenry fought and had lost their lives before the improvement of science also. so, it is definetly a boon for the society The greatest harm science has done is to the faith of man. God has become a nonentity. In the modern jungle of mental activities where would a desperate man go? Having lost faith, his intellectual activities lead him to suicide. A number of scientists meet this heap every year in India. By This we can conclude that Science has more Boons than Banes.

Comparing and contrasting two lifestyle magazines Essay

The mass media has all over the years evolved to what some nation judge as the way we think. No longer has everyone got their own opinion but they atomic number 18 conjured by adverts and promotions. citizenry argon classed into different assorts with their opinions reflecting their own accord, thus including what they look like, what they do and who they are. With each young stereo example category arrives a new modus vivendi for people to follow. People have now taken lifestyles into their own (this is known as materialism) and identified their stereotype by indicating this to the public through the medium.Magazines are a good way to farm lifestyles because they are easily accessible through retail, any kind of lifestyle can be promoted as the amount of powder store concepts are only barred by the levels of creativity and magazines can target a certain type of audience and still sell rather than be obliged to target a mass audience such as TV. Editors play a man-sized p f inesse in how the lifestyle is represented in any magazine. The editors view reflects the lifestyle, especially if it is a large selling magazine.It basically follows the possibility of how media controls our opinions which relates to the trend or whats hot or not. Advertisements within magazines also reflect the lifestyle itself because a business wouldnt really promote their products in irrelevant locations that would not attract consumers. I have chosen Adobe Photoshop Handbook (APH) and Smash Hits as my magazines to compare and contrast. APH is a magazine for blade site designers.It shows you how to make graphics u mouth Adobe Photoshop (a popular software with web site designers). As this software costs a lot of funds (i500+) and not many people choose to use extreme personalised graphics on their web sites this is not a popular lifestyle as others this magazine does not sell to a large audience.Smash Hits is a popular magazine on pop medicine lifestyle. It costs a leash les s than APH and has a much larger audience. It generally targets males and females of 9 16 years of age. Pop medicinal drug is hard to classify because of the amount of different kinds of music such as jazz, blues, metal, rock, dance etc. but Smash Hits generalises pop music as what is in the charts and making an impact on the teenage public.This is a good way to promote a magazine because it constantly keeps up to date with celebrity lifestyles and gossip. People like keep track of what their wait-runner celebrities are doing because they see them as role models in how they themselves can become just like them. APH has gossip on what kinds of talent is currently hitting the art side of the computer world. Web site designers like to be individual in their work so they dont follow the handbook conscientiously but use the ideas to apply to their own graphics. This kind of editorial has a weak concept but a good reaction.The ideology is to show people how to make attractive images that relate to the current trend of web arts but the reaction is to use these guides to work alongside web designers own arts. The lecture used in APH is complex in a computer literate fashion. Throughout the magazine there are amazing eye catching images. The front cover always has the most interesting image in the handbook because this is the main advertisement for the magazine. If the image looks good then people are more(prenominal) likely to buy it because they get out suggest that the producers of the magazine knows how to make attractive art.They try to shorthand most of the content because they repeat words over and over again in the tutorials. Smash Hits language is Basic English this is to make it easier for the younger audience to interpret the magazine. Many of the images in the magazine are pictures of celebrities with more focusing on whoever is in the public eye. The graphics are large and colourful this is easy on the eye and attracts attention to it because of t he primary colours reflecting murder the opposite colours (i. e. black and white, red and blue, yellow and blue etc.) When you hear your favourite artist sing a song you tend to sing along with it (in public or not), APH is like a handbook of lyrics to songs and people read off these lyrics and use it to write their own songs. This is the major difference amid the two magazines. One is aimed at artists and the other is aimed at the pop music market. The readerships are bound to differ. Therefore the editorials are apt to justify with their target audience. Although they are different in lifestyles they do share comparisons.The magazines both target male and females and the conventional layout consisting of front page, contents page, editors words, letter page, main articles, interview and then a page at the end on next months contents. The costs of the magazine diverge of each other, as there is more money in the music industry than in the web design industry and many other indust ries. The fact that the magazine only idealises on pop music means that it will always have a large audience of people that follow popular music, which tend to be a younger audience who have but to develop a taste in different kinds of music.More and more people are getting into web site building because it is easy and cheap. People can make their own reflections of lifestyles in their own impressions on their web pages. This then attracts other people and the acceptance into a society is then conventional (because as people know, there is a website for everything). The monopolisation of the computer market by Microsoft means that the variety of software for sale is limited. Denoting that the amount of different advertisers available to the publisher are limited, consequently making the magazine highly priced.The advertisement in any magazine normally reflects the lifestyle that the magazine idealises. In APH the adverts are about other computer software that work in cooperation with Adobe Photoshop. These adverts are scattered throughout the magazine in a variety of sizes depending on the quality and popularity of the products. The only other adverts are of other magazines published by future publishing (the magazines publisher) that focuses on magazines that have a passion with media. These tend to be full-page adverts about 20% of the magazine is made up of adverts.Smash Hits is made up of 50% of editorials and the rest are adverts. This makes the magazine cheap to buy. The adverts are scattered throughout the magazine and they are all of products and services that justify their readership. For example, there is a NSPCC advert at the bottom of the letters page NSPCC is the depicted object Society of Protection against Cruelty to Children, which is obviously targeted at children. The adverts consist of music albums of pop bands and the other magazine that the publisher publishes also feature in the magazine on full pages.Smash Hits normally comes with fr eebies such as a single or extra miniature books that are sealed onto the front cover. APH came with a guide to how you can dual boot your system with Linux and Windows it also came with a disk with Linux on. Freebies are popular with magazines because people like to think that they are getting more than what they paid for. This makes the consumer more likely to buy the magazine because of this give away offer. Lifestyle magazines cannot represent a lifestyle completely it just shows a reflection of an opinion on its chosen lifestyle.A person cannot instantly know about new trends instantaneously, they need to be told about them through the media or other forms of communication. This is why they buy magazines on their favourite lifestyles and to learn about what their world is up to. Lifestyles are endorsed as guidance for people to lead and have sex their lives. They are popular with people because it allows them to belong to a society. With this self belief of acceptance it give s people a push through life. This can be related to to religion as where people follow a religion in credence of hope and these lifestyles can be seen as hope to be pass judgment into society.

AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current Actions and Prevention

The outbreak of back up and human immunodeficiency computer virus has long been a health scourge plaguing the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. Millions of wad currently suffer from this disease, and the number of afflicted pot still continues to rise. With the AIDS virus continues to be incurable, it is dismiss that medicine alone can non provide Africa with enough relief or let up the growing percentages of people creation infected or born with the disease.The only way that Africa could possibly be rid of AIDS or at least have the fiesta of AIDS be halt is by means of limp measures rather than medicine. It is through education and aw atomic number 18ness rather than medicine that the Sub-Saharan African state will be able to stop the spread of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS and in revision for education to be effective, diligence and cooperation be alike needed.Sub-Saharan Africa refers to the area of the continent located in or below the Sahara Desert. The cou ntries above this region are considered to be lot of the Arab world, while Sub-Saharan Africa is referred to as the black countries.These countries include Angola, Botswana, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, southeastward Africa, Somalia, and Zimbabwe (Avert 2010). With Africa consisting of so some(prenominal) third-world nations in which education is considered a luxury that is operable to only a small percentage of the population, it is no wonder why human immunodeficiency virus has become such a widespread epidemic.Back in 2008, approximately 22.4 million children and adults were reported as aliveness with human immunodeficiency virus, and an estimated 1.4 million African people actually died from AIDS (Avert 2010). What is worse, is that to a greater extent than 14 million African children have lost at least one parent to AIDS, and many do not have any other living relatives.This is why there are so many children living in orphanages and many of them, unfortunately, were bo rn carrying the HIV virus. According to UNAIDS, a Joint United Nations Program for HIV and AIDS, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region close to heavily affected by HIV. In 2008, sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 67% of HIV infections worldwide, 68% of new HIV infections among adults and 91% of new HIV infections among children.The region also accounted for 72% of the worlds AIDS-related deaths in 2008 (UNAIDS 2010). These statistics acquaint how extreme the HIV and AIDS situation is throughout the African continent. It is especially unfortunate how many children are infected with HIV at the time of their birth and are essentially sentenced to a life with the virus.If more and more people are being born as HIV carriers, then the spread of the virus will continue to grow at an exponential rate.When it comes to the African population that is infected with HIV and AIDS, the groups of people who are the most promising to become infected is highly disproportionate.There are more than tw ice as many women and girls who are carrying the virus than there are boys and men in West Africa alone and as a whole, females make up 60% of the infected population of sub-Saharan Africa. This imbalance is due to many social and cultural factors that negatively affect the female population. The UNAIDS group describes these statistics as suchWomens exposure to HIV in sub-Saharan Africa stems not only from their greater physiology susceptibility to hetero wakeual transmission, but also to the severe social, legal and economic disadvantages they often confront.A recent comprehensive epidemiological review in Lesotho shew that sexual and physical violence is a key determinant of the lands severe HIV epidemic. According to a recent survey, 47% of men and 40% of women in Lesotho say women have no rights to refuse sex with their husbands or boyfriends. (UNAIDS 2010)It is not only a lack of sensation and education that has attributed to the spread of HIV, but also the lack of fe male rights in certain sub-Saharan African countries. Rape statistics are relatively high, with both grown women and immature girls being the victims of these crimes.With relaxed laws failing to protect women from male sex offenders, it is clear why there are so many more women than men who become infected with HIV.The prevalence of female and child prostitution and sex trafficking also generates greatly to the spread of the virus. It is a combination of a lack of sex education, womens rights, and general undecomposedty that are causing the steady increase of the HIV-positive population along with spikes in the African mortality rates and these are all issues that medicine alone cannot address.South Africa is currently one of the most HIV-infested countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2009, approximately 5.7 million people were living with the HIV virus, with the majority of these people being female (Avert 2010). In order to combat these figures and the further spread of HIV, the South African Government launched a major counseling and testing campaign (HCT) in 2010.By raising knowingness of HIV the campaign aims to reduce the HIV incidence rate by 50% by June 2011 (Avert 2010). First, in front testing is now being declareed to pregnant women who have already tested positive for HIV in order to determine whether or not the virus has been passed on to their child.More significantly, are the measures the South African regime have taken in order to spread AIDS awareness. The government has funded everything from different from commercials, to door-to-door campaigning, to unrestricted speakers and free HIV tests. Many surveys have proven that these campaigns have been well-received by certain age groups.More than 75% of South African between the ages of 15-24 years old, for example, reported having seen at least one of the campaigns but the as age increases, the percentage of people who have heard messages of AIDS awareness tends to decline (Avert 2010).Th is is most likely due to the majority of these campaigns targeting individuals of the younger generations those who may not yet be sexually active, and those who are young enough to make early decisions that will protect them in the future.Although the awareness of HIV and AIDS has grown, people are not necessarily aware of how to prevent the virus from being transmitted and spread. The South African government has therefore been distributing hundreds of millions of male and female condoms among people, educating them on how to properly use this form of contraception and how condoms pop the question protection from sexually transmitted diseases.Studies show that condoms are mostly used by teenagers and young adults, which accounts for the moderate in the percentage of young people with HIV over the past few years. Overall, approximately 62% of people in South Africa habitually used condoms during sex in 2008, which is a dramatic improvement from the 27% figure back in 2002 (Avert 2010).As an additional form of HIV and AIDS prevention, clinics have begun to offer male circumcisions, as it was found that the procedure decreases ones chances of contracting the virus by 60%. It was estimated that a program with full coverage of male circumcision could prevent half a million infections and 100,000 deaths within a decade, with these figures rising in the decades to follow (Avert 2010).This shows how the South African government has targeted HIV from a preventative standpoint, focusing on younger generations and measures such as condoms and male circumcision in order to educate the country about the virus and how it can be spread.Along with attacking the AIDS epidemic by increasing awareness and education, Nigeria has also taken a stand against the spread of HIV by addressing the political problems behind it.As part of the UNAIDS group, the country has released a progress report summarizing the actions that the government has taken in regards to the virus. The Ni gerian government statesNigeria has formed the spherical Coalition of Woman and AIDS by establishing and inaugurating National Action for Women Coalition and AIDS NAWOCA addresses the vulnerability of girls, women and children through increase access to information and education on prevention, treatment, care and support for HIV and re cropive heath services. (UNAIDS 2010)This is a prime example of how HIV can be targeted from several directions that can all contribute to the future health of the African people. Nigeria has also increased its budget regarding HIV education, testing, and the funding of groups such as the NAWOCA in order to further their progress in decreasing the annual number of new infections.One important aspect of AIDS that should be recognized is that it is not only the disease itself that threatens the sub-Saharan African population. lot typically consider AIDS to be a product of infectious diseases when, in reality, it is also the product of risky behav ior (Green 2003 57).If people are having unprotected sex on a regular basis, for example, they are automatically putting themselves at risk of contracting HIV or any other sexually transmitted disease.Being more aware of what these diseases are will not necessarily prevent them from ever being infected educating them on how to alter their behavior and practice safe sex habits, however, will. Educating Africans about safe sex is just as important has teaching them about AIDS awareness or the dangers of the HIV virus but in Africa, this is not always an easy task.Many schools are still uneasy about discussing safe sex and diseases, because some believe the topic to be inappropriate. Some students also feel very uneasy when talking about this subject with adults or peers.Still, it is obvious that the benefits of safe sex education far outweighs the risks of not knowing about it at all. Rather than focusing on the so-called taboo nature of the topic and how uncomfortable some may feel , schools all over Africa must make a collaborative suit to be diligent and thorough in what they teach their students (Onyancha 2009 86).